Recently, Madrasa education development, especially in Islamic countries like Indonesia, has become a significant issue that needs the attention of academic and regulators alike. Therefore, the present research examines the impact of government support and human resource (HR) improvement on Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The researchers also investigate the moderating role of institutional policies among the nexus of government support, HR improvement and Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The researchers have followed the primary data collection approach using questionnaires for data collection from the selected respondents. The present article also uses the smart-PLS to evaluate the relations among variables and the validity of the constructs. The results indicate that government support and HR improvement have a positive association with Madrasa education development in Indonesia. The results also revealed that institutional policies significantly moderate among the nexus of government support, HR improvement and Madrasa education development in Indonesia. These outcomes are meaningful for the Madrasa developing and regulating authorities while formulating rules and regulations regarding Madrasa education development in the country.