We meta-analytically examined correlations between task-based and self-report thought control measures as well as potential moderators. Results of a frequentist meta-analysis indicate that the two measures do not overlap, r = 0.07, 95% CI [-0.01;0.15] (k = 20; N = 1194); subgroup analyses for different self-report measures r = 0.12; 95% CI [-0.06;0.30] and r = 0.03, 95% CI [-0.05;0.11], respectively. Additionally, we found no evidence for the presence of moderators. To further test whether the identified effect size is more consistent with a null effect or the assumption of a positive association, robust Bayesian meta-analyses were conducted. We did not obtain sufficiently strong evidence to decide for or against a null effect. In sum, our findings suggest that task-based and self-report thought control measures might capture different psychological processes and thus call for more research on the different underlying processes and constructs they measure.