Rousseau was a great thinker of educational philosophy. This paper explores Rousseau's view of educational philosophy to be aware of educational goals and innovation using dialectical materialism. Methodology is a comprehensive principle, a development principle, and a specific historical focus. The above method is the basis for understanding people and human nature in general. The article indicates that education needs to understand educators as well as learners. The paper also describes the task of education to recognize that human nature is a process from childhood to adulthood. In addition, the report uses analytical and aggregated methods to realize that Rousseau's educational ideas have tremendous and profound implications for Vietnam's educational innovation today.