Educational and training institutions that ensure successful learning and diverse working life must implement problem-oriented analyses of the education system and form future self-education and positive activity skills of the individual. The article deals with historical trends in the development of educational institutions such as lyceums and gymnasiums in Kazakhstan. Data collection was in two parts. The first data collected was secondary data and it was used to analyze the current situation in education. The detailed theoretical analysis of literary sources reveals the peculiarities of formation of the structure of functioning of educational institutions, the analysis of the tendencies of implementation of innovative educational programs in the system of education is carried out. The primary data was collected using an experiment. Based on the data obtained as a special elective course for undergraduate students, the article describes the recommendations aimed at changing the educational system to deepen the historical and pedagogical peculiarities of the development of educational institutions of students.