Are there differences in divergent thinking and personality traits between students who attend art-based high schools and non-art-based high schools? The main goal of this exploratory study was to focus on this question and to explore the factors that might differentiate a sample of art and non-art high school students. We addressed these questions by exploring a convenience sample (N = 167) of students from art schools (N = 79) and students from non-art high schools (N = 88). We used three divergent-thinking measures (i.e., Sketches Test, Brick Uses Test, and Consequences Test) and the five-factor personality inventory (NEO-FFI) to explore potential differences. The results showed that the type of school was positively associated with fluency, flexibly, and originality and negatively with openness. We also explored differences using discriminant analysis. It was found that students who attended art high schools have a lower level of originality and a high level of flexibility and openness compared to students attending regular high schools. Our findings may indicate that these factors can help to understand the differences between art and non-art high school students.