Extended school year (ESY) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) has become a more frequent issue as a result of the learning loss and increased needs of some special education students due to the COVID-19 pandemic. School psychologists often play a significant role in implementation of the IDEA requirements specific to ESY. Their role is to help IEP teams: (1) determine who is eligible for ESY; and (2) for the eligible children, formulate an appropriate ESY program. Part of this help is to be legally literate about the foundational framework of the minimum and bounding requirements of the IDEA regulations, state law additions to the IDEA's regulatory requirements, and the applicable case law. This article discusses IDEA regulations, state laws, judicial rulings for ESY eligibility, and judicial rulings for ESY appropriateness. It concludes with recommendations for school psychologists.