The primary objective of this study is to determine the predictive effect of self-perception on peer relationships in preschool children. The participants of this study consisted of 105 Turkish children (between the ages of five and six). Fifty one of them were girls and 54 were boys. The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and sociometry technique based on peer nomination were used. According to the results of the study, young children's self-perception variables (cognitive competence, physical competence, peer acceptance, maternal acceptance, and total self-perception) affected their levels of being liked by peers positively and significantly. In addition, young children's self-perception variables (cognitive competence, peer acceptance, maternal acceptance, and total self-perception) may affect their levels of being disliked by peers negatively and significantly. There was no significant correlation between young children's physical perception and levels of being disliked by peers.