ERIC Number: EJ1312544
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2021
Pages: 23
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: EISSN-2079-3200
EISSN: N/A
In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory
Journal of Intelligence, v9 Article 43 2021
Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain. According to POT, fluid intelligence measures are related because different tests sample similar domain-general executive cognitive processes to some extent. Re-analyzing data from a study by De Simoni and von Bastian (2018), we assessed domain-general variance from executive processing tasks measuring inhibition, shifting, and efficiency of removal from working memory, as well as examined their relation to a domain-general factor extracted from fluid intelligence measures. The results showed that domain-general factors reflecting general processing speed were moderately and negatively correlated with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (r = -0.17 - -0.36). However, domain-general factors isolating variance specific to inhibition, shifting, and removal showed only small and inconsistent correlations with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (r = 0.02 - -0.22). These findings suggest that (1) executive processing tasks sample only few domain-general executive processes also sampled by fluid intelligence measures, as well as (2) that domain-general speed of processing contributes more strongly to individual differences in fluid intelligence than do domain-general executive processes.
Descriptors: Epistemology, Learning Theories, Executive Function, Cognitive Processes, Intelligence, Short Term Memory, Inhibition, Individual Differences, Task Analysis, Adults, Cognitive Measurement, Attention Control
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
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Data File: URL: https://osf.io/n5uv7/