Self-directed learning is learning in which the conceptualization, design, conduct and evaluation of new content is directed and driven by the learner itself. This is an essential skill for students in the 21st century. Many large undergraduate courses use an online homework system to engage the whole class in the course material simultaneously. A very important advantage of using an online homework system is the quick feedback that gives students an immediate indication on how well they understand the work. The purpose of this study firstly focuses on constructing a framework along which to determine the role and success of an online homework system towards making students self-directed learners. The second purpose of this study is to give an example of how the framework can be used. The sample group consists of both engineering and mainstream first year mathematics students using the online homework system WebAssign. The study investigates the extent to which the online homework system fosters independent learning in these cohorts of students. The article concludes by discussing the findings, some discussion and conclusions of this framework.