The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of listening condition, age, and years of performing experience on the melodic error detection process and accuracy of adult amateur musicians. Participants (N = 33) engaged in a series of six short melodies, where each participant played three melodies and listened to three melodies. The investigator provided each participant a 10-second time period to examine each of the four-measure melodies, and then each participant was asked to identify any perceived errors they may have heard while either listening to the melodies or playing the melodies. The most salient result from this study was that participants demonstrated a high overall success rate in error detection tasks regardless of age, years of performance experience, or order of listening condition. Participants attributed a portion of their success to their familiarity of the tunes selected; however, despite the condition, participants had a more difficult time identifying melodic errors in unfamiliar melodies.