This research deals with the Soviet pedagogy proposed by Moisey M. Pistrak, which typified the structuring of the young people's school life in ancient Russia aiming at educating the new man. The objective of this research was to analyse the Pistrakian proposal for a unified labour school in the context of the Bolshevik revolution, seeking a critical analysis of its content and a correlation with educating the homo novus for the emerging Soviet socialist society. The methodology used to construct the text was based on bibliographic research on the main written works by the socialist pedagogue translated into Portuguese, namely: A escola-comuna (2009), Ensaiossobre a escolapolitécnica (2015) and Fundamentos da escola do trabalho (2018) (The school-commune, Essays on the polytechnic school, and Foundations of the labour school, respectively). Finally, Russian educators provided pedagogical conceptions to students to educate the new man, a man of another kind, a man for the communist sociability. These conceptions translate the notions of organisation, autonomy, collectivity, and self-management.