The United States and Brazil were the two largest slave societies in the history of New World slavery, and the legacies of that history remain salient in both nations. Slavery and the slave trade are important topics to be taught in history courses, and future generations need to be given accurate information about the history and legacies of slavery to be well-informed citizens. A content analysis of textbooks used in the two countries compared how slavery was presented to students and assessed the degree to which the complexities and legacies of slavery were addressed. All of the textbooks (a) incorporated the history of slavery within national narratives of progress; (b) gave minimum attention to the unique experiences of women and indigenous people; and (c) presented a decontextualized view of slavery.