In 2014, evolution through natural selection was introduced to the primary science National Curriculum in England for year 6 (ages 10-11). As teachers had little prior experience of teaching this concept, it provided a rare opportunity to study the effectiveness of different approaches. A study was developed to investigate the impact of teacher-centred versus pupil-centred approaches and the importance of using human-centred contexts (Buchan et al., 2020). The investigators used a randomised control trial (RCT) typically used for drug interaction trials. Four different sequences of lessons were developed and each one was allocated to a randomly selected group of teachers. All pupils were given a pre- and post-test to measure progress, which is regarded by some as the gold standard of research evidence. Ben Rogers reviews the findings of the research study that compared different teaching approaches and suggests implications for practice.