The first women in Greek academia appeared during the period in question (1922-1967) and entered the ivory tower by overcoming difficult conditions and circumstances, often with many restrictions and setbacks. This essay focuses on the School of Physics and Mathematics of the University of Athens, documents quantitative and qualitative data on the female presence, and illuminates the different experiences of women practitioners while, at the same time, attempting to address the question about the gender-based characteristics which penetrate Greek academic life and scientific endeavour. The access of these women in the scientific staff of the School of Physics and Mathematics is related to issues of social class, social networks, personal and family relationships, and political context. Their contribution and status are investigated within the general conditions that govern university as an institution and a microcosm -- competition and rivalry, scientific controversy and consensus, multi-hierarchical relationships, and accumulation of power.