ERIC Number: EJ1280009
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2021-Jan
Pages: 19
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0013-1245
EISSN: N/A
Black and White Female Disproportional Discipline K-12
Hassan, Hamida Hussein; Carter, Vernon Brooks
Education and Urban Society, v53 n1 p23-41 Jan 2021
The school-to-prison pipeline represents an educational environment that allows public schools to push many at-risk children out of school and into the juvenile justice or the adult criminal justice system. Consequently, this study explores the disproportionate rates of discipline when comparing Black and White female students in the national public-school system. Specifically, this research explored discipline outcomes for Black and White female students in kindergarten through 12th grade in five of the best academically performing states in the United States compared with five of the worse academically ranked states in the United States. Using the Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) of 2013-2014 data, the exploration found Black female students were disproportionately suspended compared with White female students in both the high and low academically performing states. Similarly, Black female students experienced disproportionality rates (overrepresented) compared with White female students for school-related arrests. Overall, the disproportionality rates for Black female students suspended and arrested compared with White female students were higher in the academically higher ranked states.
Descriptors: Discipline, Disproportionate Representation, At Risk Students, African American Students, White Students, Females, Academic Achievement, Delinquency, Suspension, Stereotypes, Gender Bias, Racial Bias, Self Esteem, Zero Tolerance Policy, Juvenile Justice, Elementary Secondary Education, Expulsion
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: Massachusetts; New Jersey; Utah; New Hampshire; Iowa; New Mexico; Louisiana; South Carolina; Alabama; Mississippi
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A