Public schools throughout the United States face increasing pressure to improve student achievement in math and science. As instructional leaders, principals find themselves facing this pressure head on. Drawing from a comprehensive survey of high school principals in the state of Washington (n = 250), the results indicate that a majority of school administrators in Washington had no formal education in math or science. However, an analysis of the principals' responses suggests that they are exercising leadership in relation to these subjects in their schools. School-level factors appear to explain more of the variation in their leadership in math and science rather than their educational backgrounds. When these factors were controlled for, principals with a math or science background did appear to engage in leadership actions that were different from those without such a background. The article concludes by discussing these results in relation to instructional leadership and leadership preparation.