There is substantial evidence on the effectiveness of many forms of advanced education, especially various approaches to acceleration, ability grouping, and curricular innovations such as structured curriculum and enrichment. Nonetheless, additional research on the ways in which advanced education impacts the learning and lives of students across the variables of class, race, ethnicity, and gender is still needed, as it is for most educational interventions. Jonathan Plucker and Carolyn Callahan share the evidence base for several popular strategies and describe what evidence is still needed.