As noted in Part 1 of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) Social Justice Committee's (SJC) series on health disparities, more than a century of scholarship has documented differential health outcomes among minoritized groups in the United States (Proctor et al., 2020). Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the stark realities of health disparities in the United States, especially for Black, Indigenous, and Latinx Americans who are four to five times more likely to contract the disease and two to four times more likely to die from it than White Americans (APM Research Labs, 2020). Unfortunately, COVID-19 is just one example of ubiquitous inequities in health (Weinstein et al., 2017). In Part 2 of this series, the authors summarize the historical foundations of these disparities. In doing so, they reject simplistic, ahistorical rationalizations framing health disparities as resulting from personal choices while ignoring the sociopolitical and historical context. In particular, these contexts create the differential opportunities, resources, and access reflected in social determinants of health and associated affordances related to persistent health disparities that are seen today. History is critical to comprehending how structural forces and disparities were constructed and built into our society as well as to perceiving pathways to reducing inequities through an understanding of the institutions, policies, biases, and norms that created and sustain them (Fleming, 2020). [For Part 1 of the series, "Social Justice Committee 2020-2021 Focus: Health Disparities and Social Justice," see EJ1269560.]