Community colleges and minority serving institutions play important roles in the U.S. higher education system. These open and predominantly broad access institutions serve more first-generation, low-income, post-traditional, and racially and ethnically diverse student populations than any other sector. Institutional leaders will increasingly need to use data and analytics to identify barriers to student success and to direct limited resources to evidence-based solutions that will help these diverse students achieve their educational goals and reap the benefits of higher education. In this chapter, we discuss the role of institutional research to support student success while considering the challenges and opportunities presented by the unique contexts of these institutions. We conclude with three recommendations for practice.