This article begins by describing a scenario in which a fourth-grade learning disabled student's individualized education program (IEP) team came together to develop his IEP and in so doing made a number of procedural and substantive errors. The purpose of this article is to examine the procedural and substantive requirements of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2006) with the goal of helping school personnel avoid making procedural and substantive errors when developing students' IEPs.