This study examines how curriculum in physical education (PE) in Brazil has evolved in the last 20 years. Since the beginning of the 20th century, PE in the Brazilian schools has been influenced by different conceptual, political, philosophical, scientific, and pedagogical trends. The most influential trends were originated from medical field, military, sports, and pedagogical philosophies. This analysis process consists of (a) a review of the Brazilian PE historical perspective, (b) an overview of the scope of national curriculum guidelines established between 1997 and 2017, and (c) a description and reflection of the transition from national guidelines to a recently established compulsory national curriculum. The findings suggest that the evolution of PE in Brazil resulted in significant positive changes in terms of inclusiveness, cultural diversity, and the expansion of the content using the concept of culture of the body. Multiculturalism, although still a challenge, was indeed considered in the former recommended guidelines and the current compulsory curriculum document.