Literacy success lays the foundation for children's later educational, health, and well-being outcomes. Thus, early identification of literacy need is vital. Using data from New Zealand's national preschool health screening program for fiscal years 2010/2011-2014/2015, demographic and health variables from 255,090 children aged 4 years were related to whether they received a literacy intervention in early primary school. Overall, 20,652 (8.1%) children received an intervention. Time-to-event analysis revealed that all considered variables were significantly related to literacy intervention (all p < 0.01), but the full model lacked reasonable predictive power for population screening purposes (Harrell's c-statistic = 0.624; 95% CI [0.618, 0.629]). Including more direct literacy measures in the national screening program is likely needed for improvement.