Most modern languages degrees in the UK include a Residence Abroad component, the key aims of which are to help students acquire a greater understanding of a new language and culture and to develop research skills. While the acquisition of linguistic competences has been well documented, cultural learning on the year abroad is less well researched. This article is based on an innovative pedagogic project carried out at the University of Southampton, in which students were provided with training in ethnographic methods and digital skills prior to their year abroad. This training was designed to foreground the process of cultural encounter and learning that students go through in order to carry out their individual Year Abroad Research Projects (YARPs). The paper will present results based on our analysis of the 'raw data' collected by students for their individual ethnographic YARPs, as well as individual interviews, focus group discussions, and the students' reflective blog posts. It also draws on evidence from a semester long module entitled 'Learning about Culture: Introduction to Ethnography'. We will highlight the main areas of successful cultural learning, and the places in which students come up against obstacles in their ethnographic encounters.