The system of axiological orientations determines the content direction of the personality and forms the basis of its views on the world around, other people, oneself, basis of world outlook, core of motivation and "philosophy of life". Axiological orientations are considered as the most important component of the internal structure of the personality. They provide stability and continuity of its behaviour and activities, and are reflected in the worldview, moral ideas, principles, and beliefs. The author presents the results of a case study to identify the dynamics of students' axiological orientations in the process of teaching at a pedagogical university and to determine the possibility of optimizing the development of individual axiological orientations through targeted psychological impact and training. Under the influence of such training, there is a change in the perceptions of subjects on the values associated with future life and professional activity. The study involved 58 people -- third- and fourth-year students. There were used such surveys as the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS), the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and S.S. Bubnova's survey "Diagnosis of the real structure of individual's axiological orientations". The obtained experimental data indicate that the system of students' axiological orientations has a dynamic nature, and the formation of students' axiological orientations is one of the most important ways of solving the problem of training a specialist.