A systematic review of research exploring the impact of homelessness on young children's school readiness skills in preschool and academic performance in early elementary school is presented. Fourteen studies were identified that included data exploring this association in preschool through Grade 3. Findings indicated that children experiencing homelessness have lower school readiness skills and academic achievement compared to the general population of children. However, it was not conclusive whether children experiencing homelessness perform lower than socio-demographically matched housed children. Most large studies (> 4000 children) found children experiencing homelessness had lower academic performance than housed low-income children. However, fewer than half of small studies (< 300 children) found support for this association. Good school attendance, high quality parenting, self-regulation, and early education are among several potential protective factors discussed in the literature that may lessen the negative impact of homelessness on school readiness skills and academic achievement in early elementary school.