Many modern school systems require children to assume sedentary positions for extended periods of time, and the increasing use of classroom-based technology adds to the number of hours seated. With the incidence of musculoskeletal pain reported not only in adult populations but increasingly in young people, an understanding of spinal health could be essential for students. An extensive database search yielded 19 studies featuring postural interventions in elementary schools which were synthesised for this review. Results suggest that although approaches to promoting postural health in primary schools vary, studies can be compared in terms of their impetus (e.g. low back pain in students, increasing classroom technology), aim and methodologies. Trends in the literature include delivery by posture experts (as opposed to homeroom teachers), examination of both sitting and moving postures in children and the impact of computer use on musculoskeletal heath. Much of the literature relies largely on self-report data; assessment instruments are wide-ranging. Recommendations for future research on posture interventions for elementary school children include gathering more data about participants' perceptions of interventions, employing cohesive data collection techniques to allow for more robust comparisons of studies' findings and incorporating more content about proprioception and kinaesthetic awareness in treatments.