DHS data is combined with school supply statistics to study primary school attendance in the 2005-06 school year in Benin, a country that has seen almost unparalleled increases in attendance since the 1990s. Results of a logistic regression model highlight the important role played by factors such as household wealth or religion and that gender disparities in education persist in Benin. The opportunity cost of attending school is also investigated. In order to explain regional disparities in attendance, a multilevel model is estimated; results from a random-slopes model highlight those communes where reductions in the cost of schooling could see the greatest improvements in primary school attendance rates.