The main goals of postsecondary prison education programs are to increase the education level of prisoners and improve their chances of success upon release. However, in order to accomplish this goal, prisoners must first participate in the education programs. This is especially crucial for female prisoners, many of whom enter prison more socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged than do male prisoners. This analysis aims to determine whether there is a difference in male and female participation in postsecondary prison education programs. In addition, this analysis also aims to determine what factors contribute to male and female participation in these programs. The results demonstrate that sex alone is not a significant predictor for participation. However, when combined with other factors sex does become a significant predictor of participation. Factors that are significant predictors of participation for both males and females include previous education, income prior to incarceration, receiving visits from children, time served on the current sentence, participation in a racial or ethnic group, participation in parenting classes, and participation in life skills or community adjustment programs.