The Social Emotional Health Survey-Primary (SEHS-P) was originally developed to assess U.S. elementary students' positive psychological traits: gratitude, zest, optimism, and persistence, and the higher-order latent construct of covitality. The present study evaluated the validity of a Chinese version of SEHS-P with a sample of 653 Chinese children (M[subscript age] = 11.4, SD = 1.0). Confirmatory factor, measurement invariance, and latent means analyses were conducted to evaluate construct validity. Results indicated that the factor structure found for the original U.S. sample was replicated (first-order factors: optimism, gratitude, persistence, zest; second-order factor: covitality). The covitality latent trait was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, higher prosocial behaviors, less victimization and perpetration, and predicted better academic achievement six months later. Implications for using SEHS-P as a social emotional health screening tool for use in Chinese schools are discussed. Future studies should continue to examine SEHS-P in other samples in China as well as in other culture contexts.