This monograph is organized into four chapters that build a historical, conceptual, and empirical case for a revised understanding of collegiality and the collegium in light of contemporary faculty differentiation. The first chapter provides definitional introductions to collegiality and the collegium in Part I, then builds the contextual imperative for reconsidering both concepts in Part II. In the second section, the authors chart the transformation of the profession since 1940, examining the forces of higher education massification, professionalization, graduate training, and gradually, demographic and labor diversification that have resulted in a professoriate broad in diversity but narrow in recognition of expertise. This, they identify, is particularly true for women and members of historically marginalized racial groups, whose experiences as non-tenure-track faculty are often acutely negative. The second chapter takes a historical view of the mythology of the collegium, following its development and many points of transition from twelfth-century Paris to the institutional archetypes of the late twentieth century. The third chapter examines collegiality and the collegium in the contemporary university. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the authors explore the implications of the preceding chapters for policy and practice in the contemporary university.