Questioning is central to the development of scientific and health literacies. In exploring this concept, Tongan science teachers hypothesized that their ability to use and encourage questioning presented challenges in the context of Tongan social and cultural norms. This study set out to develop a peer-to-peer protocol to enable teachers to characterize current practice, and identify barriers and facilitators to the use of questioning in Tongan science classrooms. Participating teachers co-constructed a peer-to-peer observation protocol, collected, anonymized and analyzed observational data to identify current use, enablers and facilitators of questioning in their classrooms. Findings suggest that peer observation and talanoa (collective critical discussion) enabled teachers to characterize and critique their current practice, and increased teacher understanding of the process of questioning and its value in the development of scientific and health literacy. Three hypotheses were developed to explore potential strategies to increase the use questions in Tongan science classrooms.