Education is a socially structured form of learning. It involves the brains of different players--students, teachers, family members, and others--in permanent interaction. The biological set of mechanisms by which these brains receive, encode, store, and retrieve mutually exchanged information is called "neuroplasticity". This is the ability that enables developing and adult brains to react and adapt at different coexisting levels--from molecules to neurons, circuits, networks, persons, and societies. This article aims to discuss the major current concepts of neuroplasticity research to help policymakers, researchers, and educators bridge them to learning and teaching models and practices.