By analyzing relevant findings from two national surveys which were carried out in 1992 and 2011 with dozens of similar questions, the study explores changes in Japanese academics' major teaching and research activities and their views of these activities from 1992 to 2011. The study begins with a brief introduction to context and main policies and strategies addressing these changes, and then it discusses major changes in academics' teaching and research activities and their perceptions of these activities at both institutional and individual levels. The study concludes by arguing the impacts from both contextual factors and government policies and strategies on their activities and perceptions of teaching and research over the time and further implications for research and policy.