For decades, the United States has struggled to make good on its commitment to prepare all its young people, not just some, for the opportunities and responsibilities that await them after high school. The education system has worked to define what kids need to know and be able to do to maximize their options. In this article, the authors discuss the reauthorizing of No Child Left Behind and student testing risk obscuring the law's central purpose: to ensure that all students have equitable opportunities for K-12 learning.