It's one of the ironies of United States culture: We love our history as "a nation of immigrants," but at the same time, we're conflicted about immigration and the changes it brings. In this article, Patricia Gándara examines the research on one area of debate: whether multilingualism should be considered a problem to be fixed, or a national resource to be encouraged. Research has long supported the academic and social benefits of programs that help English learners maintain fluency in their home languages. Other research, however, has failed to find workforce advantages for bilingual speakers. Gándara and her colleagues commissioned a series of studies to look at the data more closely, and these studies found employment and wage benefits for bilinguals. On the basis of this research, Gándara advocates that schools put more effort into bilingual maintenance and dual-language immersion programs, as well as less-ambitious strategies that support the native language skills of English learners.