As India aspires to emerge as the information and communication technology (ICT) leader among the knowledge-based societies, it does so with the education of children as a primary concern. With the passage and enforcement of the "2009 Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act" (RTE), the Indian government has affirmed its commitment to ensuring universal elementary education for all Indian children. Part of India's RTE commitment includes the vision of preparing Indian children with 21st century skills such as learning to operate a computer. Yet, realities exist, including a lack of empirical research on Indian elementary schools, which impedes this vision. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the barriers to and possibilities of ICT programs in India's elementary schools.