The purpose of this study was to compare virtual school students' learning outcomes with traditional school students' learning outcomes in Texas. The research design was a quantitative study using a retrospective causal-comparative design. The researcher used archival state assessment data to compare the learning outcomes of K-12 virtual school students and traditional school students in Texas. The participants included eighth-grade students from virtual schools and traditional public schools in 14 regions of Texas with various population clusters. This study utilized performance scores from the spring 2024 STAAR exam for eighth-grade students in the content areas of math, reading, and science. The researcher used an analysis of means with independent t-tests for the data analysis. The findings of this research indicate that virtual school students are performing just as well as traditional school students in Texas. Researchers must continue to analyze how students perform to apprise future curriculum changes, standards, and policies in our education system. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]