The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) requires each State to develop and implement a single, statewide accountability system to support all public elementary school and secondary school students in meeting the challenging State academic standards. These systems are important tools in achieving the goal of improving outcomes for students and eliminating opportunity gaps in the State, local educational agencies (LEAs), and schools. Due to the circumstances created by COVID-19, the U.S. Department of Education invited State educational agencies (SEAs) to apply for a waiver from the accountability requirements of the ESEA for the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years and the assessment requirements for the 2019-2020 school year. As a result, many SEAs have not implemented all aspects of their statewide accountability systems or identified schools for support and improvement since fall 2019. This document is intended to support SEAs, LEAs, and schools as they resume implementing accountability and school improvement requirements under section 1111 of the ESEA. The document covers frequently asked questions covering the following areas: (1) General; (2) Accountability System; (3) School Identification and Exit; (4) School Support and Improvement; and (5) State and Local Report Cards.