It is hard to comprehend how U.S. universities and colleges could effectively manage their international engagements without a Senior International Officer (SIO), a position that has grown in scope and complexity over recent decades and continues to evolve as we enter a new era for international mobility and academic linkages. As crucial a role as SIOs play on U.S. campuses today, their job descriptions vary widely, as do their relationships with faculty and administrative leadership. This Institute of International Education (IIE) publication captures the diversity of SIO roles, their varied accomplishments and challenges, and what tools and strategies are needed to make them most successful. Based on survey data from 200 SIOs from across the United States and subsequent in-depth interviews with more than a dozen diverse leaders in the SIO community, findings reflect the complexities of SIO responsibilities and priorities. Collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, the research focuses on strategic factors and considerations for success as SIOs navigate the path forward. It is the hope that the findings from the research contribute to an important and wider discussion about the SIO role on U.S. higher education campuses and its need to continue to advocate for internationalization and academic exchange.