To measure the outcomes of youth transitioning out of foster care, states are required to administer the National Youth in Transition Database (NYTD) survey to cohorts of youth at ages 17, 19, and 21. With this third cohort of young people having completed all three waves of data collection, researchers better understand the experiences of current and former foster care youth as they age. This brief presents findings from NYTD surveys completed by Cohort 3 youth at ages 17, 19, and 21 in Federal Fiscal Years 2017, 2019, and 2021. The baseline and follow-up survey information from Cohort 3 reveals that, generally, some young adults are faring well in many outcome areas but some youth are struggling. By age 21, young people reported positive gains in many protective factors, yet, in some cases there is evidence that current and former youth in foster care continue to face challenges that can be barriers to independence.