The discrepancies in college enrollment based on a student's socioeconomic background challenges the upward mobility of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Jesuit colleges and universities, guided by Catholic Social Teaching and their own focus on social justice, are uniquely positioned to facilitate the social mobility of the under-resourced. This quantitative study examined Jesuit colleges and universities in terms of their enrollment of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. A matched-pair analysis revealed no statistically significant median paired difference in the percentage of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds enrolled at Jesuit and non-religiously affiliated, private colleges and universities. A bivariate correlation analysis discovered no statistically significant difference in the enrollment of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds between selective and more selective Jesuit colleges and universities. The study also found negative correlations between the percentage of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and a Jesuit institution's average cost of attendance, average net price, an institution's Carnegie classification: size and setting, and the value of a school's endowment. These findings challenge Jesuit colleges and universities to reevaluate the efficacy its admissions and financial aid practices in terms of enrolling students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]