This qualitative case study investigates instructional faculty's perceptions of their agency, self-efficacy, and preparedness to personalize instruction in Competency-Based Education (CBE), a growing alternative to traditional higher education known for faster program completion. The study addresses a significant issue in the field -- as CBE expands, the institutional drive for standardization may undermine a defining CBE characteristic of personalized learning. This pressure is intensified by increased class sizes, changing performance metrics, and evolving organizational cultures, which can impede the faculty's ability to provide student-centered instruction. Grounded in Bandura's theory of agency and self-efficacy (1977, 1982, 1997) and O'Meara's extension of these concepts (2015), this study explores how these theoretical frameworks influence faculty decisions regarding personalized student interventions. The question guiding this study was: "How do faculty members perceive their agency, self-efficacy, and preparedness to personalize instruction in CBE programs?" Through purposive and snowball sampling, 15 faculty members who taught in U.S. higher education CBE programs participated in this study. Data were collected via one-on-one semi-structured interviews to explore faculty agency, self-efficacy, and preparedness in creating personalized study plans. The findings revealed three key themes: (1) low levels of personalization, (2) metrics influence confidence and actions, and (3) the need for enhanced CBE training. The study proposes new policies, such as Personalized Interaction Hours (PIH) and Interaction Quality (IQ) metrics, to support faculty in overcoming these challenges. These findings contribute to policy and professional development initiatives aimed at reinforcing the personalized nature of CBE, ultimately enhancing faculty satisfaction and student success. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]