This comprehensive study aims to investigate school librarians' perspectives, experiences, and decision-making processes regarding collection curation, book challenges, and removals, bridging a critical knowledge gap in the field. By delving into the challenges and dilemmas, the research seeks to highlight the delicate balance between intellectual freedom and diversity, equity, and inclusion principles in school libraries. The findings offer valuable insights into the professional landscape of school librarianship, informing best practices for managing book challenges and fostering inclusive, intellectually free library environments. The study addresses the significant issue of book banning and challenges, providing a nuanced understanding of how censorship attempts impact school librarians' ethics and practices. Through a descriptive non-experimental approach employing quantitative methodology, the research explores the factors influencing libraries' pursuit of equity, diversity, and inclusion. The primary focus is on the impact of book challenges and removals on school librarians and libraries. The underrepresentation of diverse voices in children's literature emerges as a significant concern, underscoring the pivotal role of school librarians in reshaping the literary landscape and fostering inclusive educational environments. Urgency surrounds the need to address the historical lack of cultural inclusivity in children's literature, emphasizing the importance of empowering school librarians as agents of change. Overall, this study captures a pivotal moment in political history, offering valuable insights and advocating for support structures to empower school librarians in their mission to cultivate diverse collections and foster inclusive educational environments. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]