The purpose of this nonexperimental quantitative research study was to explore and identify factors affecting the performance of elementary and secondary Title I schools in South Carolina. The study analyzed statistical significant differences in the overall performance of Title I schools over three years and analyzed other factors such as the principal's years at the school and the location of the school in South Carolina. Results showed there was a statistical significant difference in the overall performance in elementary and secondary Title I schools in South Carolina. No statistical significant differences were found in the overall performance in elementary and secondary Title I schools according to the location of the school and the principal's years of experience at the school. Findings from this research provide educational leaders and policymakers with insights on factors that affect student performance in elementary and secondary Title I schools across South Carolina that could help to close the achievement gap. Recommendations for future research include the continuation of analyzing other factors within Title I schools that could help ensure a positive outcome for students. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]