This report describes the authors' findings from a scoping literature review on the topic of instructional system coherence. The authors reviewed 77 pieces on coherence published from 1990 to 2023, including articles, reports, books, dissertations, and conference papers. The scope and definition of alignment and coherence have seemed to expand with increased interest, although there appears to be little consensus on the terminology, definition, and key instructional system components to consider. Moreover, multiple ways to study and measure alignment and coherence have emerged and have not yet been catalogued. In part because of these definitional and measurement differences, there is also little consensus on the drivers of coherence or teaching and learning outcomes of more coherent systems. The authors consider overall methods and takeaways from this body of literature.