Online course offerings and student enrollments continue to increase on a yearly basis, making online education a viable option for many K-12 students. This growth has increased the demand for online teachers and many educators will be experiencing the online environment for the first time. Many instructors find the online environment requires a new way of thinking and teaching than they are accustomed to in the traditional classroom. As teachers move from in-person instruction to teaching online, the need for professional development is well documented in current literature. Some practices from the traditional classroom may easily transfer, but many of the needed strategies and competencies are unique to online learning. What is missing from the literature is a review of competencies that can be focused on for the professional development of online teachers. This review explores research regarding current competencies needed for teaching online for both new and current online instructors. The competencies examined include acting as facilitator, developing course knowledge, encouraging student engagement, providing regular and timely communication, maintaining a presence, keeping students on pace, giving feedback, increasing technology literacy, and developing time management skills. By incorporating these competencies into their professional development, online institutions will have more successful and satisfied participants, motivated to continue teaching and learning in the online environment. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]