This study aimed to identify the factors that affect the job satisfaction and retention of special education teachers. The researcher sought to determine the factors affecting job satisfaction and retention among special education teachers in the Midlands of South Carolina and suggestions for improvement within those areas to assist in retaining special education teachers within the state. A survey relating to job satisfaction and retention was administered to current and former special education teachers. The findings showed that although the majority of the special education teachers in both comparison groups intended to stay in the field, only nineteen percent planned to return to the profession for no longer than an additional year. Survey data concluded that almost half of the participants found a lack of administrative support to be a factor affecting teacher retention. The study showed that compensation for teaching plays a role in special education teachers remaining in the profession as the pay received is lower compared to other professions. School districts, with assistance from all levels of the government, will need to address the issues of caseloads, paperwork, administrative support, compensation, and the job design of special education teachers if they are to increase the retention of special education teachers to address the needs of such a fragile population of students. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]