Music education does not look the same in Hawai?i as in other states or parts of the world. This study paints a picture of the range of elementary music teacher positions in O?ahu schools and identifies the current needs of music educators. How are O?ahu elementary music teachers prepared to fulfill their professional roles and responsibilities? What kinds of supports do O?ahu elementary music teachers experience? What kinds of challenges do O?ahu elementary music teachers experience? What is the role of culture in O?ahu elementary music classrooms? This research project was an exploratory, collective case study, informed by Bakhtin's theory of dialogism and Dewey's theory of experience. I conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 participants who teach elementary school on the island of O?ahu, including public schools, charter schools, and independent schools. I also consulted public documents such as census data and the Hawai?i State Department of Education and demographic information to provide historical context. The following themes arose from the interviews: Preparation and Teaching Responsibilities, Supports, Challenges, and Culture. Findings indicate elementary music educators' preparation, roles, expectations, priorities, and structures vary according to the context within which they teach. This study confirms that some elementary music schools employ full-time music educators, and some have part-time ones. The range of student populations served by my participants in full-time jobs was 46-880, indicating a significant range in school structures and teaching duties. While there were similar overarching structures in the DOE employees' job positions, the charter school and independent school participants were in most cases extreme outliers to those structures. In addition, this study provides insight into which professional development types would be most effective and beneficial to music educators. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]