The math education community has made strides in understanding how math teachers help students develop a conceptual understanding of math ideas. In-the-moment instructional decisions are essential for helping students develop a conceptual understanding of important math ideas (Carpenter et al., 2003; NCTM, 2000). However, math instruction centered on rote learning and memorization dominates U.S. classrooms, especially among African American students in urban public schools (Cuban, 2007; Davenport & Slate, 2019). Math teachers can support conceptual understanding by recognizing and responding to students' mathematical thinking as it develops during instruction (Jacobs et al., 2010; Leatham et al., 2015). I examined three male and three female math teachers' recalled accounts of their experiences making in-the-moment instructional decisions while teaching African American students in large, high-poverty urban public schools. I also examined the roles of rational/intuitive reasoning and deliberation processes in math teachers' decisions. Transcripts from videotaped teacher interviews were analyzed using Creswell's (2014) data analysis approach and NVIVO QDA software. Classroom observations, researcher notes, and member checking were also performed. Math teachers' in-the-moment decision processes were informed by their ideas about curriculum, teaching, learning, and their ideas about African American students. In-the-moment decision processes were also influenced by various resources, orientations, and goals (Schoenfeld, 2008). A positive relationship between decision process structures and years of teaching experience was identified. Moreover, rational and intuitive knowledge structures were integrated into math teachers' decision processes at varying degrees (Vanlommel & Pepermans, 2021). This research contributes to our understanding of responsive math instruction among teachers of African American students. This research will contribute to future research, teacher education, and professional development initiatives. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]