Many policymakers agree that housing and land use reform is a top priority, particularly in New York State, in order to moderate housing prices. But an often-overlooked point is that such reform is also important in order to promote equal educational opportunity. This report proceeds in five parts. The first part takes a deep dive into how two Long Island communities located in Nassau County--Flower Hill and Hempstead--vary dramatically in their demographic makeups, the prices of their homes, and in the educational opportunities that their school systems provide. The second part examines how it came to be that Flower Hill and the Village of Hempstead, located just nine miles apart, ended up so profoundly separate and unequal. That section of the report looks at the role of location, choice, racial engineering, and exclusionary zoning in driving economic and racial inequality between the two communities. The third part transitions to how the Long Island findings fit into the ongoing housing debate in New York State: what Governor Kathy Hochul has proposed, and how the political opposition from New York City suburbs kept the plan from making it into the state budget. The fourth part outlines reasons why the failure to produce a robust housing plan to date is deeply troubling. The fifth part charts a path for a better future. [The appendices were prepared by Vicki Been and Colleagues at the NYU Furman Center.]